It offers a solution to the problem of navigation to a known or unknown location within a two-dimensional information space. Read word (press W multiple times to spell words alphabetically and.A scrollbar is an interaction technique or widget in which continuous text, pictures, or any other content can be scrolled in a predetermined direction (up, down, left, or right) on a computer display, window, or viewport so that all of the content can be viewed, even if only a fraction of the content can be seen on a device's screen at one time. VoiceOver for macOS, first introduced in Mac OS X 10.4 in 2005, is a screen reader. In the Word Options window. With a Word document open, click the File drop-down menu and then choose the Options command.
Word - Add Action Item Check Box Portable Media PlayersTwo arrows are often included on either end of the thumb or trough for more precise adjustments. This can be placed vertically, horizontally, or both in the window depending on which direction the content extends past its boundaries. Although scrollbar designs differ throughout their history, they usually appear on one or two sides of the viewing area as long rectangular areas containing a bar (or thumb) that can be dragged along a trough (or track) to move the body of the document. The user interacts with the scrollbar elements using some method of direct action, the scrollbar translates that action into scrolling commands, and the user receives feedback through a visual updating of both the scrollbar elements and the scrolled content. They are present in a wide range of electronic devices including computers, graphing calculators, mobile phones, and portable media players.![]() A proportional thumb that completely fills the trough indicates that the entire document is being viewed, at which point the scrollbar may temporarily become hidden. While proportional thumbs were available in several GUIs, including GEM, AmigaOS and PC/GEOS, even in the mid 1980s, Microsoft did not implement them until Windows 95. Depending on the GUI, the size of the thumb can be fixed or variable in size in the later case of proportional thumbs, its length would indicate the size of the window in relation to the size of the whole document, indicated by the full track. NET documentation refers to it as "scroll box" or "scroll thumb" in other environments it is called "elevator", "quint", "puck", "wiper" or "grip" in certain environments where browsers use agnostic language to the scrollbar terminology, the thumb is referred to as the 'pea' for vertical movement of the bar and still use 'puck' for horizontal movement.Additional functions may be found, such as zooming in/out or various application-specific tools. Holding down the middle yellow button changed the cursor to a thumb, allowing for jumping to that percentage of the document with an indicator of current placement. Pressing the right or bottom blue button scrolled the content down, and the line at the top of the window went down to the cursor. Pressing the left or top red button scrolled the content up, and the line next to the cursor went to the top of the window. The slider is used to change values, but does not change the display or move the area that is shown as a scrollbar does.In 1974, moving the cursor to the left margin while using Bravo changed its shape to a double-headed arrow to allow for scrolling. In this case it would adjust both the position and the zooming of the document, where the size of the thumb represents the degree of zooming applied.A scrollbar should be distinguished from a slider which is another visually similar yet functionally different object. Microsoft mfa for macIn 1980, Interlisp had a scrollbar that appeared on the left side of the window as the cursor moved towards the left. The center thumb of the bar could be dragged smoothly and showed the percentage of the content visible the first proportional scroll bar. Clicking at the right half of the scrollbar moved the content up, and the left half moved the content down. Scroll arrows pointed inwards in the direction the content would move based on user studies, and + and – buttons allowed for scrolling by pages. Between 19, the Xerox Star moved the scrollbar to the right to get it out of the way and reduce visual clutter. The left button scrolled up to move the selected position to the top edge of the window, and the right button scrolled down to move the top edge of the window to the selected position. An empty scrollbar was displayed when a window was not in focus or if the entire document was visible within the window. Upon pressing the thumb, dragging it would bring it to that particular point unless movement was made far out of the scrollbar before release, aborting the action. Page buttons were removed, and the elevator track could be clicked in instead to move to the next section. Arrows would scroll a single unit upon one click or auto repeat upon continuous press. In 1983, the Apple Lisa had arrows pointing up and down, page buttons, and a fixed size thumb.In 1984, the Macintosh had a light gray rectangle with a “scroll box” thumb, “gray area” track, and arrows pointing in opposite directions towards the content that would be exposed when the respective arrow was pressed. Clicking in the thumb elevator region would jump to that part of document. AmigaOS followed later in the year, also with proportionally-sized scroll boxes.Also in 1985, Viewpoint used the right button to move content by percent or by window rather than by page.In 1988, Open Look created an elevator thumb with arrow keys directly on it. GEM allowed the mouse to be moved far away from the scrollbar after clicking and holding, to reduce hand-eye coordination problems. The net result was a modern scrollbar that looked and felt no different from the scrollbar in Windows today. The thumb was proportionally sized with arrows together at the bottom of the bar. In 1989, NeXT moved the scrollbar back to the left side of the window. Cable anchors were placed at the beginning and end of the document, and the center of the elevator could be dragged. With the same release of Mac OS X 10.7, Apple introduced “natural scrolling,” which means that the screen moves in the same direction as the user's fingers are moving when they use the two finger scroll gesture. In 2011, Mac OS X 10.7 removed the buttons from the end of the bar and was designed to look more like the iOS scrollbar. In contacts, a scrollbar of letters was provided to jump through content. In 2001, Mac OS X 10.0 used a proportional thumb and moved both arrow buttons to the bottom of the bar.In 2007, the iPhone and iOS included a regular scrollbar in the web browser and other applications, though it was only for output and could not be interacted with. It also had two physical buttons for scrolling up and scrolling down respectively. The thumb could be dragged, and using the alt-key while dragging would slow its movement.In 1997, the PalmPilot included a conventional scrollbar where text extended past screen boundaries with use of both a draggable thumb and arrows that could be tapped with a stylus. The purpose of this change was to conform to Macs’ standard design practices of hiding the scrollbar when it is not immediately needed for information hierarchical purposes. The placement within a document was not longer visible when the mouse was outside the bar area even if the window in question was in focus. In the 2015 version of Microsoft Word for Macs, disappearing scrollbars were introduced. Moving the wheel in a desired direction moves the content in the same direction. Therefore, the user must scroll using one of these methods first, and then move their cursor over to the thumb, wherever it appears.On Microsoft Windows, moving the mouse away too far from the thumb while dragging it will reset the scrolling position to prior.A scroll wheel on a conventional mouse may also be used. On applications native to OS X 10.11 (and some previous OS X versions), scrollbars do not show up on the user interface until the user uses another scrolling technique, such as the two-finger scroll or using the arrow keys. Moving the cursor while pressing down moves the scrollbar's thumb to see different sections of the page. This is often done using either a trackpad or the left click button on a conventional mouse or touchpad. By moving the cursor over to the thumb on the screen and then pressing and holding, the thumb can be dragged.
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